Impact of Local Sea Surface Temperature on Heavy Snowfall in Yeongdong Region

Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering (Disaster Management Engineering)This research investigates the impact of local sea surface temperature (SST) on the intensity of snowfall in Yeongdong region which is strongly affected by a synoptic scale factor (East Asian Winter Monsoon, EAWM). Characteristics of snowfall in Yeongdong region, in particular the relationship with EAWM and SST were examined based on observational analysis, and sensitivity experiments with a regional climate model (RCM) were conducted. In sensitivity experiments, local SST was replaced with the climatological SST in winter season for 33 years (1982~2014). Analyses of the composite maps for each strong and weak EAWM year demonstrate that favorable synoptic condition (eastward surge of Siberian High over the northeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, enhanced easterly wind anomaly, and anomalous warm SST over the East Sea) makes a large amount of snowfall during the weak monsoon year. The observational analysis shows both atmospheric and oceanic conditions are important to occur abnormal heavy snowfall in Yeongdong region and analyses of SST experiment suggest that the intensity of snowfall can be significantly affected by local SST when the synoptic condition is favorable. Local SST acts as a source of energy for the formation of heavy snowfall, and it regulates heat and moisture fluxes. When positive SST anomaly exists, latent heat fluxes over the East Sea and moisture convergence on Yeongdong region are enhanced. On the contrary, negative SST anomaly leads to reduced latent heat fluxes and decreased moisture convergence. However, these results are necessarily accompanied with a favorable synoptic condition for heavy snowfall in Yeongdong region. Without the surge of Siberian High and the inflow of easterly wind, SST has no significant impact on the amount of snowfall in Yeongdong region. In addition, both atmospheric and oceanic conditions should be completely favorable to occur a large amount of snowfall.ope

Diclomezine: 6-(3,5-dichloro-4-methyl­phen­yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one

In the title compound, C11H8Cl2N2O, the benzene and pyridazine rings are tilted by 8.6 (1)° relative to each other. In the crystal, pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers. π–π contacts with centroid–centroid distances of 3.698 (2) and 3.751 (1) Å and halogen–halogen inter­actions [3.379 (1) Å] also stabilize the structure

Reversible photoluminescence switch: A stair-step Cu4I4 coordination polymer based on a dithioether ligand

AbstractA two-dimensional network stair-step Cu4I4 coordination polymer (1) based on 1,4-bis((methylthio)propanoyl)piperazine was prepared. No emission was observed from 1 (off state), while a heated sample (2) of 1 emitted a strong green light (on state). Conversion between 1 and 2 was reversible upon removal of acetonitrile or exposure of 2 to acetonitrile

Triflumizole

In the title compound {systematic name: 4-chloro-N-[1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-propoxyethyl­idene]-2-(trifluoro­meth­yl)aniline}, C15H15ClF3N3O, the dihedral angle between the aniline and imidazole ring planes is 81.80 (4)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯X (X = N, O or F) hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions help to consolidate the packing

Mefenacet [2-(1,3-benzothia­zol-2-yl­oxy)-N-methyl-N-phenyl­acetamide]

The title compound, C16H14N2O2S, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the plane of the benzothia­zole ring system and the phenyl ring plane are 51.63 (7) and 60.46 (5)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions contribute to the stabilization of the packing

(1H-Pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)(3-{[(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)amino]methyl}benzyl)amine

In the title compound, C18H18N4, the dihedral angles between the pyrrole rings and the phenyl ring are 85.07 (8)° and 77.13 (9)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of the crystal packing

Added value of high-resolution regional climate model in simulating precipitation based on the changes in kinetic energy

As the resolution of regional climate models has increased with the development of computing resources, Added Values (AVs) have always been a steady research topic. Most previous studies examined AVs qualitatively by comparing model results with different model resolutions qualitatively. This study tried to quantitatively investigate the AV of the high-resolution regional climate model for precipitation by analyzing the distribution of kinetic energy according to the different wavelengths at two different resolutions (36 km vs. 4 km), away from the traditional comparative analysis. In addition, the experiment that the low-resolution topography was forced to the high-resolution model was additionally conducted to separate the AVs associated with the topographic effect. Among the three experiments, two with the same topography and two with the exact horizontal resolution were compared separately. With identical topography, the high-resolution model simulated amplified precipitation intensity more than the low-resolution model in all quantiles, especially for extreme precipitation. The precipitation generated by mesoscale or smaller scale weather/climate events was also simulated with greater intensity in the high-resolution model. With the same grid spacing, the more detailed topography model showed AV for increasing spatial variability of precipitation, especially in mountainous regions. The AVs identified in this study were related to kinetic energy with wavelengths at the meso-beta or smaller scale. On the other hand, the kinetic energy above the meso-alpha or larger scale has no significant correlation with the AV of precipitation

Phyllo-poly[[μ2-1,4-bis­(cyclo­hexyl­sulfanylmeth­yl)benzene-κ2 S:S′](μ2-nitrato-κ2 O:O′)silver(I)]

The title compound, [Ag(NO3)(C20H30S2)]n, was synthesized by the reaction of silver nitrate and 1,4-bis­(cyclo­hexyl­thio­meth­yl)benzene (bctmb) in acetonitrile. The coordination polymer exhibits a two-dimensional layer structure. The layers are wave-like and parallel to the crystallographic ac plane; AgI ions are linked by the bctmb ligands and nitrate anions along the crystallographic a and c directions, respectively. In addition, the crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Acrinathrin: (S)-cyano­(3-phen­oxy­phenyl)methyl (Z)-(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-{2-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoro­methyl)eth­oxy­carbon­yl]vin­yl}cyclo­propane-1-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C26H21F6NO5, the dihedral angle between the cyclo­propane ring plane and the vinyl group plane is 79.3 (3)°. The dihedral angle between the benzene and phenyl ring planes in the phen­oxy­benzyl group is 82.7 (1)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of the packing

Bis(benzyl­sulfan­yl)methane

In the title compound, C15H16S2, the structure of the dithioalkyl chain is a helix with an all-cis conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the terminal aromatic rings is 74.60 (4)°. In the crystal structure, weak C—H⋯π inter­actions contribute to the stabilization of the packing